In India, Some Say Natural Farming Is Answer to Extreme Weather
2024-04-14
LRC
TXT
大字
小字
滚动
全页
1There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju's farm in the southern Andhra Pradesh state of India.
2The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow urine and unrefined sugar.
3Raju says the natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.
4Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water.
5And they say the crops' stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds.
6Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support.
7Now, they say these methods should be expanded across India's agricultural lands.
8They point to climate change and decreasing profits that have led to several farmers' protests this year.
9Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
10That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits.
11Many farmers are calling for greater federal and state investment to help them deal with climate change.
12Raju has seen the gains of using natural methods.
13Last December, a storm called Cyclone Michaung brought heavy rainfall across India's southeastern coast.
14It flooded towns and fields.
15Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state.
16Raju said, "the rainwater on our farms seeped into the ground in one day."
17The soil can take in more water because it is less dense than soil with pesticide.
18Soil with pesticide is dry.
19He added that planting different crops throughout the year helps keep the soil healthy.
20But his neighbor Srikanth Kanapala's farm was flooded for four days after the storm.
21Kanapala uses chemical pesticides and fertilizers on his farm.
22And he said after seeing Raju's crops hold strong while his failed made him want to learn about other farming methods.
23Kanapala estimates that he lost up to $600 because of the storm, a sizeable amount for a small farmer in India.
24"For the next planting season, I plan to use natural farming methods too," he said.
25Rythu Sadhikara Samstha is a government-backed organization launched in 2016 to support natural farming.
26It found that government support has resulted in an estimated 700,000 farmers changing to natural methods in Andhra Pradesh.
27And the state hopes that all of its six million farmers will use natural farming by the end of 2030.
28Meerabi Chunduru is one of the first in the area to start using natural farming.
29She said she changed to the methods after her husband's health worsened.
30She believes his health worsened because of extended exposure to harmful pesticides.
31Health effects of different pesticides have not been studied in detail.
32But farmers around the world have long claimed extended exposure has caused health problems.
33In India, 63 farmers died in the western state of Maharashtra in 2017.
34It is believed to be linked to a pesticide containing the chemical Diafenthiuron.
35It is currently banned in the European Union, but not in India.
36Natural farming supporters say many officials still trust farming methods that use chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce the most crops.
37This year, the Indian government has set $20 billion in fertilizer financial support.
38But it only set aside $55 million for natural farming.
39Chunduru hopes that will change.
40She said, with natural farming, "we can provide nutrient-rich food, soil and physical health" to future generations.
41I'm Gregory Stachel.
1There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju's farm in the southern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow urine and unrefined sugar. 2Raju says the natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat. 3Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they say the crops' stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. 4Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, they say these methods should be expanded across India's agricultural lands. They point to climate change and decreasing profits that have led to several farmers' protests this year. 5Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use chemical pesticides and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater federal and state investment to help them deal with climate change. 6Raju has seen the gains of using natural methods. 7Last December, a storm called Cyclone Michaung brought heavy rainfall across India's southeastern coast. It flooded towns and fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state. 8Raju said, "the rainwater on our farms seeped into the ground in one day." The soil can take in more water because it is less dense than soil with pesticide. Soil with pesticide is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helps keep the soil healthy. 9But his neighbor Srikanth Kanapala's farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala uses chemical pesticides and fertilizers on his farm. And he said after seeing Raju's crops hold strong while his failed made him want to learn about other farming methods. 10Kanapala estimates that he lost up to $600 because of the storm, a sizeable amount for a small farmer in India. "For the next planting season, I plan to use natural farming methods too," he said. 11Rythu Sadhikara Samstha is a government-backed organization launched in 2016 to support natural farming. It found that government support has resulted in an estimated 700,000 farmers changing to natural methods in Andhra Pradesh. And the state hopes that all of its six million farmers will use natural farming by the end of 2030. 12Meerabi Chunduru is one of the first in the area to start using natural farming. She said she changed to the methods after her husband's health worsened. She believes his health worsened because of extended exposure to harmful pesticides. 13Health effects of different pesticides have not been studied in detail. But farmers around the world have long claimed extended exposure has caused health problems. 14In India, 63 farmers died in the western state of Maharashtra in 2017. It is believed to be linked to a pesticide containing the chemical Diafenthiuron. It is currently banned in the European Union, but not in India. 15Natural farming supporters say many officials still trust farming methods that use chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce the most crops. This year, the Indian government has set $20 billion in fertilizer financial support. But it only set aside $55 million for natural farming. 16Chunduru hopes that will change. She said, with natural farming, "we can provide nutrient-rich food, soil and physical health" to future generations. 17I'm Gregory Stachel. 18Shawn Sebastian and Sibi Arasu reported this story for The Associated Press. Gregory Stachel adapted it for VOA Learning English. 19________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21urine - n. the waste liquid that collects in the bladder and that you pass from your body 22pesticide - n. a chemical that is used to kill animals or insects that damage plants or crops 23seep - v. to flow or pass slowly through small openings in something 24exposure - n. the fact or condition of being affected by something or experiencing something